YEDLURI ESWAR
Sprinkler Irrigation Skip to main content

Sprinkler Irrigation

Sprinkler irrigation system allows application of water under high pressure with the help of a pump. It releases water similar to rainfall through a small diameter nozzle placed in the pipes. Water is distributed through a system of pipes, sprayed into air and irrigates in most of the soil type due to wide range of discharge capacity.

Advantages

  • Eliminates water conveyance channels, thereby reducing conveyance loss.
  • Suitable in all types of soil except heavy clay.
  • Water saving up to 30% - 50 %.
  • Suitable for irrigation where the plant population per unit area is very high.
  • Helps to increase yield.
  • Reduces soil compaction.
  • Mobility of system helps system operation easy.
  • Suitable for undulating land.
  • Saves land as no bunds required.
  • Soluble fertilizers and chemicals use are possible.
  • Provides frost protection & helps in alteration of micro climate.
  • Reduces labour cost.

Major Components of Sprinkler Irrigation System

1

Pumping station or Header Assembly

2

By-pass valve

3

Fertilizer tank

4

Filtration system

5

Pressure gauges

6

Control valves

7

HDPE / PVC Pipes

8

QRC Pump connector

9

Sprinkler Nozzles

10

Service Saddle

Sprinkler layout

Sprinkler

 

A typical sprinkler irrigation system consists of the following components:

  1. Pump unit
  2. Mainline and sometimes sub-mainlines
  3. Laterals
  4. Sprinklers

sprinkler layout

Types of Sprinklers Based on Precipitation

 

Type of Sprinkler

Precipitation Rate
(mm per hour)

Low Volume Sprinkler

Less than 13

Medium Volume Sprinkler

13 - 25

Large Volume Sprinkler(Raingun)

Above 25

 

 

Response of Different Crops to Sprinkler Irrigation System

Crops

Water Saving (%)

Yield increase (%)

Chilli

33

24

Cotton

36

50

Fenugreek

29

35

Gram

69

57

Jowar

55

34

Maize

41

36

Onion

33

23

Sunflower

33

20

Wheat

35

24

 

Wetting patterns in sprinklers

 

The wetting pattern from a single rotary sprinkler is not very uniform. Normally the area wetted is circular (see topview). The heaviest wetting is close to the sprinkler (see sideview). For good uniformity several sprinklers must be operated close together so that their patterns overlap. For good uniformity the overlap should be at least 65% of the wetted diameter. This determines the maximum spacing between sprinklers.

Wetting pattern for a single sprinkler (TOP VIEW)

sprinkler top

 

Wetting pattern for a single sprinkler (SIDE VIEW)

sprinkler side view

The uniformity of sprinkler applications can be affected by wind and water pressure. Spray from sprinklers is easily blown about by even a gentle breeze and this can seriously reduce uniformity. To reduce the effects of wind the sprinklers can be positioned more closely together.

Sprinklers will only work well at the right operating pressure recommended by the manufacturer. If the pressure is above or below this then the distribution will be affected. The most common problem is when the pressure is too low. This happens when pumps and pipes wear. Friction increases and so pressure at the sprinkler reduces. The result is that the water jet does not break up and all the water tends to fall in one area towards the outside of the wetted circle. If the pressure is too high then the distribution will also be poor. A fine spray develops which falls close to the sprinkler.

Application rateThis is the average rate at which water is sprayed onto the crops and is measured in mm/hour. The application rate depends on the size of sprinkler nozzles, the operating pressure and the distance between sprinklers. When selecting a sprinkler system it is important to make sure that the average application rate is less than the basic infiltration rate of the soil (see Annex 2). In this way all the water applied will be readily absorbed by the soil and there should be no runoff.

Sprinkler drop sizesAs water sprays from a sprinkler it breaks up into small drops between 0.5 and 4.0 mm in size. The small drops fall close to the sprinkler whereas the larger ones fall close to the edge of the wetted circle. Large drops can damage delicate crops and soils and so in such conditions it is best to use the smaller sprinklers.

Drop size is also controlled by pressure and nozzle size. When the pressure is low, drops tend to be much larger as the water jet does not break up easily. So to avoid crop and soil damage use small diameter nozzles operating at or above the normal recommended operating pressure.

Source: National Committee on Plasticulture Applications in Horticulture (NCPAH); FAO Corporate Documentary Repository


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

R Studio Uses in Agriculture: A Guide to Free Learning Resources

Agriculture is one of the oldest and most important industries in the world. It plays a crucial role in providing food and other resources to people around the globe. With the advent of technology, agriculture has seen a significant transformation, and data science is now being used to optimize crop production, improve soil quality, and make better use of resources. One of the most popular tools used for data analysis in agriculture is R Studio. R Studio is a free and open-source integrated development environment (IDE) for R programming language, which allows users to analyze data, create visualizations, and develop statistical models. In this blog post, we'll explore the various uses of R Studio in agriculture, and suggest some free websites where people can learn R language and R Studio for free. Uses of R Studio in Agriculture 1. Statistical Analysis R Studio is an excellent tool for statistical analysis in agriculture. It can be used to analyze large datasets to identify trend

Azure FarmBeats

In the latest years, there was a developing call for modern answers that may assist farmers in enhancing their crop yields and growing their profits. Microsoft, one of the world`s main biggest companies, has brought an answer referred to as Azure FarmBeats, which makes use of superior technology like synthetic intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to assist farmers in making records-pushed choices and optimizing their crop yields. Azure FarmBeats is a complete agricultural answer that offers farmers insights and hints approximately their plants, soil, and climate conditions. The platform makes use of diverse sensors and records reasserts to acquire statistics approximately soil moisture, temperature, and nutrient levels, in addition to climate styles, precipitation, and different environmental elements that may have an effect on crop growth. One of the important capabilities of Azure FarmBeats is its potential to investigate and interpret extensive quantities of re